REPORT BY FAO

Food fraud in the fisheries and aquaculture sector

Summary:

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) through cooperation between its Fisheries and Aquaculture Division and the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture provided an overview of the common food fraud cases in the aquatic sector and the associated health risks. The report resulting from this collaboration provides information on tools that can be used to fight food fraud for aquatic products, and international case studies illustrate the scope and impact of fraud. The report reviews regulatory frameworks as well as standards such as those set by Codex Alimentarius, FAO guidelines, and GFSI‑benchmarked schemes, advocating for harmonized labelling, mandatory scientific names, and improved traceability. It emphasizes the role of consumer awareness and industry transparency in combating fraud.

To feed the world, recognize the interconnectedness of aquaculture and fisheries

Efforts to scale up aquaculture are increasingly framed as essential to global food security and ocean sustainability, yet such narratives often obscure the complex and interdependent relationships between aquaculture and wild-capture fisheries. This paper critically interrogates the dominant “feed the world” framing of aquaculture expansion, arguing that treating aquaculture and fisheries as isolated systems undermines social equity, ecological sustainability, and effective food policy.

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